For many families, the daily routine established during the previous school year was likely interrupted by beach trips, summer camp and other travels. With the start of a new school year right around the corner, daily routines are about to change once again.
The transition from summer break back to school can be tough for everyone; but for families of children with disabilities, Jennifer Kilgo, Ph.D., professor in the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s School of Education, says concerns about the back-to-school transition can be even more intensified.
“Every parent has concerns about the back-to-school transition, whether it’s reestablishing a routine or anxiety if their child is going to a new school or getting a new teacher,” Kilgo said. “Now think about how much more intensified those concerns might be if you have a child with a disorder, like autism, and the child has communication, friendship or behavioral issues. Any kind of preparation you would do for a typically developing child is multiplied when you have a child with a disability.”
While the needs of every child are different, Kilgo says there are some additional things that parents can do to put themselves and their child at ease as they prepare for the new school year.
Environmental preparation
Try to schedule a couple of visits to the school prior to the first day so your child can get the lay of the land. If the child uses a wheelchair, this will help them become familiar with the routes they will take between classes. This is especially important if he or she is transitioning to a new school.
“Remember to think about the environment outside of the home and the people your child will interact with,” Kilgo said. “Whether it is the teacher, principal or the bus driver, reach out to them personally or via email so they know the child.”
Kilgo says one of the things she has seen parents do that helps familiarize the adults who will be interacting with their child is to create graphic organizers or a one-sheet questionnaire about them.
“I love to see teachers ask students questions about their likes, dislikes, favorite activities and other related questions,” she said. “Many children with disabilites have alternative ways of communicating, and some have behavior plans that need to be followed whether they are in the classroom or on the school bus.”
Graphic: Jody PotterTalk about school
Play up anything that is familiar to the child, such as a friend or special activity.
“For children with autism or behavioral issues, social stories can help,” Kilgo said. “These include photographs of some of the events that will take place each morning or what their day is going to be like.”
Kilgo adds that it is important for parents to appear calm and organized during the transition to avoid triggering any negative emotions in the child.
Get back on a schedule
Robin Ennis, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, advises parents to try to return to a schedule with regular bedtime routines and morning routines as soon as possible.
“Getting children and adolescents into a regular sleep pattern is very important,” Ennis said. “The start of the new school year is also an opportunity to set up new routines. For example, if you plan to have a new homework station or system for keeping track of family activities, review these with your children and put them into place consistently.”
Read books about school
Ennis says there are several great books about school that can get students excited about the new school year. For younger children, check out “Teachers Rock” by Todd Parr or “The Night Before First Grade” by Natasha Wing. If your children are older, visit the library. The librarian can help you find great books set in the school environment.
Engage in a little pre-correction
Talk to your children about the expectations for behavior at school, such as listening to the teacher and being a good friend.
“Talk about what good behaviors look like and take it a step further by acting them out at home,” Ennis said. “This will go a long way in setting your children up for success. When you notice similar behaviors at home, be sure to acknowledge their good behavior. For example, if they shared something with a sibling, thank them for sharing and tell them that sharing is a great way to be a good friend at school, or if they listened closely to your instructions, acknowledge it and reinforce it by telling them that is exactly how they should listen to their teacher at school.”
Talk with your child’s school
Before the first bell rings, Channing Brown, M.D., assistant professor in the UAB Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine’s Department of Pediatrics, suggests that communication with your student’s teacher could be beneficial.
“If your child has been diagnosed with ADHD or a learning disability, talk with their teacher before the start of the school year to see what services might be available to help them succeed,” she said.
She also suggests making a plan for them to be evaluated if you have concerns about their progress in school.
“Ask about getting an Individualized Education Plan — or an IEP — in place for your child,” Brown said. “Have your pediatrician or primary doctor help with suggesting any accommodations that might help them in school, such as extra time on tests or sitting at the front of the class.”
Kilgo adds that parents can share information with their teachers to help them get to know their children.
“Information such as the student’s strengths, what works for them — patience, schedules and picture cues — and what does not work for them — yelling, sudden changes and being rushed — can help the teacher develop a partnership in supporting the child,” she said.